Emergency Ballast
April 17th, 2006
Physics problem……..?
An attack submarine has a mass of 6.77 x 10^6 kg and can be approximated as a cylinder with a radius of 6 m and a length of 72 m. Its reported maximum operating depth is 488 m. (a) How many atmospheres does the submarine sustain at its maximum operating depth? (b) What volume of water would the submarine have to take on as ballast in order to remain at that depth? (c) If a sailor attempted to open a circular hatch with a diameter of 0.6 m at the maximum operating depth, how much force would he have to overcome? (d) If the submarine attempted an emergency surfacing maneuver (ejecting all ballast and rising to the surface as quickly as possible), what would be the acceleration of the submarine? (e) Assuming the submarine started from rest, how long would it take for the submarine to reach the surface from its maximum operating depth?
Remember that pressure is the weight of fluid over top of you. 1 atmosphere on your body is the weight of air all the way to the top of the atmosphere. About 10 m of water weighs the same as that much air. So 10 m down would be 2 atmospheres. 488 m down would be 48.8 atmospheres plus 1 atmosphere of air, so about 50 atmospheres total.
The upward force on the sub equals the weight of water displaced by the sub. If the sub didn’t weigh anything, it’s ballast would be the mass of water displaced. So calculate the volume of he sub. Water’s mass is 1 g/cm3, so now you have the mass of water displaced. The sub has mass itself, so just subtract that off the total. It doesn’t matter what depth the sub is, the amount of ballast to remain there is the same.
Pressure is force per unit area, (F/A). Therefore F = A x pressure. The force the sailer needs is the pressure x the area of the hatch.
The force up is mass of water displaced (which you already calculated) x gravitational acceleration. (i.e. 9.8). Since accel =F/m, and you know F and m, the sub’s mass, calculate a.
d=v1t + 1/2 a t^2.
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Phillips Fluorescent Emergency Ballast $4.99 |
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Emergency Ballast Cooper Lighting FBP140X Fluorescent Battery Pack $9.99 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $9.99 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $9.99 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $9.99 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $9.99 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $9.99 |
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Lightolier Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast -FBP50ST-N NIB $9.99 |
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12 New 1400 Lumens MF40-50 Emergency Lighting Ballasts F16019 $9.99 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $10.00 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $10.00 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $10.00 |
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Iota Self-Diagnostic Emergency Lighting Ballast – ISD-80 New In Original Box $10.00 |
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Exitronic XEB-5 Emergency Ballast $15.00 |
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1x Osram Quicktronic QT T/E 1x 26W Dulux D/E Dimmable Ballast Emergency Lighting $15.78 |
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Prescolite EFP-1 120/277V 3.5W Emergency Ballast $19.95 |
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New Emergi-Lite FPSI-24 Emergency Lighting Equipment Ballast $19.99 |
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HUBBELL E-96 FLUORESCENT EMERGENCY BALLAST $20.00 |
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PHILLIPS BODINE B90 EMERGENCY BALLAST (NIB) $20.00 |
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Side-Lite S45F Fluorescent Emergency Ballast Emergency Lighting $29.00 |
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Electronic FL Emergency Ballast B90 $30.00 |
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Electronic FL Emergency Ballast B100 $35.00 |
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BONDINE FLUORESCENT EMERGENCY LIGHT BALLAST B100 120V $37.95 |
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Prescolite ECFP-13C-2P 5-13W Twin Quad Tube 2-Pin Fluorecent Emergency Ballast $39.99 |
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NEW LIITHONIA PSP500 120/277V EMERGENCY SYSTEM BALLAST $40.00 |
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Magnatron BAL700 Emergency Fluorescent Lighting Ballast 700 Lumen $41.79 |
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Exitronix XEB75-CF Emergency Ballast $42.74 |
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SIMKAR FLUORESCENT EMERGENCY BALLAST 1400LUMES NN-16 $47.99 |
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New Exitronix XEB-14 Emergency Ballast $47.99 |
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TCP 20b50 Emergency Ballast $48.00 |
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Bodine B90 Emergency Ballast. $48.00 |
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Philips Bodine B60 Fluorescent Emergency Ballast NIB $49.00 |
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E96 HUBBELL Fluorescent Emergency Ballast E-96 Light 4.0w NIB 120/277 Dual Singl $49.95 |
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LVS EPC-PM-120V 20A BALLAST EMERGENCY POWER CONTROL NIB $49.95 |
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Chloride Systems Emergency Fluorescent Ballast C700 $49.99 |
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Electronic FL Emergency Ballast B50 $55.00 |
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Dual Lite UFO-12W flourescent emergency ballast $59.95 |
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NEW BODINE B413 FLORESCENT LIGHTING EMERGENCY BALLAST B-413 $59.99 |
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GEMB500-P BAL500 500 Lumens 17W-40W T8, T10, T12 lamp Emergency Ballast 120/277V $59.99 |
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Bayco SL-512 12-Volt 13-Watt Fluorescent Work Light $12.54 Bayco Products Sl512 12v Fluor 20 Cig Lighter Plug… |
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B426 Bodine Fluorescent Emergency Ballast 120v 3.5watts 60Hz b-426 $109.99 For us with one or two twin-tube , Double twin tube” Quad or triple twin tube compact fluorescent lamps. Illuminates one or two lamps in emergencyu mode…. |
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Best BAL1400 One or Two-lamp 1100 to 1400 Lumens 120/277v Fluorescent Emergency Ballast $54.50 The BAL 1400 fluorescent emergency ballast works in conjunction with the AC ballast to convert new or existing fluorescent fixtures into emergency lighting. The emergency ballast consists of a high-temperature nickel-cadmium battery, charger and electronic circuitry in one compact red case. This ballast can be used with most 17 W through 215 W (2′ -8′) T5, T8, T9, T10, or T12 fluorescent lamps wit… |
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B90 INVERTER BALLAST BODINE FLUORESCENT EMERGENCY $49.99 BALLAST BODINE FLUORESCENT EMERGENCY… |
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Lithonia PS300QD Emergency Ballast PS300QD $100.00 PS300QD-M12 LITH FLUOR BATTERY PACK… |
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General 99920 – CS50 Emergency Ballast for (2) T8/T12 120/277VAC (CS50 EMERGENCY BALLAST (2) T8/T12 120/277VAC) $132.99 CS50 Emergency Ballast for (2) T8/T12 120/277VAC… |
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Egress from buildings in emergencies (Architecture series–bibliography) … |
