Concrete Resin
What is Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete?
Concrete is a very durable and flexible construction material. Perfect examples of its first infrastructural use by the Romans are still standing to date, and nowadays, concrete is the most widely used building material across the world. During the Roman era and for many centuries after, it use was just limited to compression structures, due to it property of poor tensile strength. But in the nineteenth century, the introduction of iron rods in the realm of construction led to the conception of reinforced concrete as everyone knows it today, along with its exceptionally wide range of applications.
Rods made out of iron and steel cause potential corrosion and durability issues. Embedded steel rods are generally tough, as it is protected by the alkaline environment of the concrete from the risk of corrosion. However, in a highly volatile environment, the protection provided by the concrete is often not enough. The protective layer disintegrates and corrosion starts, and its initial signs are cracks and spalls on the concrete. Expensive restoration work is required in order to repair this damage if the structure will be used for a lifetime.
Dealing with the issue of steel reinforcement corrosion has typically meant improvement of the quality of the concrete itself, but this approach has had limited success. Recently, construction industries have developed alternative types of steels for reinforcement,
These alternative steel types replace carbon steel with stainless steel or using rods coated with epoxy. But still, these are not enough for structures built in places of extreme environments. In such places, cathodic protection is utilized, though this is typically as a part of concrete restoration system and not for building new structures.
Nowadays, the latest innovation is the replacement of steel with fiber reinforced polymers, or FRPs. These materials, consisting of glass, carbon, or aramid fibers set in a durable type of resin and formed into rods or girders, are used extensively in the aerospace and automotive industries, and should provide hard-wearing concrete reinforcement. The durability is a function of both the resin and the fiber, while the quantity and type of fiber are keys to indicate the mechanical properties of FRP reinforced concrete.
An FRP reinforced concrete is typically made by poltrusion. A limitation of this process is that heat-set resins are normally used, and once the material is fully cured, the rods cannot be bent into the range of shapes doable with steel. New manufacturing methods are currently being developed to endow FRPs with the ability of being shaped into various forms.
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