Catalog Asbestos
Sulphuric Acid Knowledge
A highly corrosive, dense, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless to dark brown depending on its purity and used to manufacture a wide variety of chemicals and materials including fertilizers, paints, detergents, and explosives. Also called oil of vitriol, vitriol.
Answers.com ?
Home Page
Browse
Personalize
Print page
Email page
Translate page
WikiAnswers.com ?
Home Page
Browse
Recent questions
Advanced search Help Search unanswered questions…
Search our library…
Community Q&A Reference topics
Sponsored LinksAggressive Chemical Meter
Resists Abrasions, Great Chemical Compatibility,Easy-to-Use Flowmeter
catalog.gpi.net
Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Sulfuric acid
Home > Library > Science > Sci-Tech EncyclopediaA strong mineral acid with the chemical formula H2SO4. It is a colorless, oily liquid, sometimes called oil of vitriol or vitriolic acid. The pure acid has a density of 1.834 at 25°C (77°F) and freezes at 10.5°C (50.90°F). It is an important industrial commodity, used extensively in petroleum refining and in the manufacture of fertilizers, paints, pigments, dyes, and explosives.
Sulfuric acid is produced on a large scale by two commercial processes, the contact process and the lead-chamber process. In the contact process, sulfur dioxide, SO2, is converted to sulfur trioxide, SO3, by reaction with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst. Sulfuric acid is produced by the reaction of the sulfur trioxide with water. The lead-chamber process depends upon the oxidation of sulfur dioxide by nitric acid in the presence of water, the reaction being carried out in large lead rooms.
Sulfuric acid reacts vigorously with water to form several hydrates. The concentrated acid, therefore, acts as an efficient drying agent, taking up moisture from the air and even abstracting the elements of water from such compounds as sugar and starch. The concentrated acid also acts as a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with most metals upon heating to produce sulfur dioxide. See also Sulfur.
——————————————————————————–
Drug Info: Sulfonated Phenolics; Sulfuric Acid
Home > Library > Health > Drug InfoBrand names: Debacterol®
Last updated: 7/1/2002
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: sulfuric acid
Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Dense, colourless, oily, corrosive liquid inorganic compound (H2SO4). A very strong acid, it forms ions of hydrogen or hydronium (H+ or H3O+), hydrogen sulfate (HSO4-), and sulfate (SO42-). It is also an oxidizing (see oxidation-reduction) and dehydrating agent and chars many organic materials. It is one of the most important industrial chemicals, used in various concentrations in manufacturing fertilizers, pigments, dyes, drugs, explosives, detergents, and inorganic salts and acids, in petroleum refining and metallurgical processes, and as the acid in lead-acid storage batteries. It is made industrially by dissolving sulfur trioxide (SO3) in water, sometimes beyond the saturation point to make oleum (fuming sulfuric acid), used to make certain organic chemicals.
For more information on sulfuric acid, visit Britannica.com.
Columbia Encyclopedia: sulfuric acid,
Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Columbia Encyclopediachemical compound, H2SO4, colorless, odorless, extremely corrosive, oily liquid. It is sometimes called oil of vitriol.
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
When heated, the pure 100% acid loses sulfur trioxide gas, SO3, until a constant-boiling solution, or azeotrope, containing about 98.5% H2SO4 is formed at 337°C. Concentrated sulfuric acid is a weak acid (see acids and bases) and a poor electrolyte because relatively little of it is dissociated into ions at room temperature. When cold it does not react readily with such common metals as iron or copper. When hot it is an oxidizing agent, the sulfur in it being reduced; sulfur dioxide gas may be released. Hot concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with most metals and with several nonmetals, e.g., sulfur and carbon. Because the concentrated acid has a fairly high boiling point, it can be used to release more volatile acids from their salts, e.g., when sodium chloride (NaCl), or common salt, is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas, HCl, is evolved.
Concentrated sulfuric acid has a very strong affinity for water. It is sometimes used as a drying agent and can be used to dehydrate (chemically remove water from) many compounds, e.g., carbohydrates. It reacts with the sugar sucrose, C12H22O11, removing eleven molecules of water, H2O, from each molecule of sucrose and leaving a brittle spongy black mass of carbon and diluted sulfuric acid. The acid reacts similarly with skin, cellulose, and other plant and animal matter.
When the concentrated acid mixes with water, large amounts of heat are released; enough heat can be released at once to boil the water and spatter the acid. To dilute the acid, the acid should be added slowly to cold water with constant stirring to limit the buildup of heat. Sulfuric acid reacts with water to form hydrates with distinct properties.
Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Dilute sulfuric acid is a strong acid and a good electrolyte; it is highly ionized, much of the heat released in dilution coming from hydration of the hydrogen ions. The dilute acid has most of the properties of common strong acids. It turns blue litmus red. It reacts with many metals (e.g., with zinc), releasing hydrogen gas, H2, and forming the sulfate of the metal. It reacts with most hydroxides and oxides, with some carbonates and sulfides, and with some salts. Since it is dibasic (i.e., it has two replaceable hydrogen atoms in each molecule), it forms both normal sulfates (with both hydrogens replaced, e.g., sodium sulfate, Na2SO4) and acid sulfates, also called bisulfates or hydrogen sulfates (with only one hydrogen replaced, e.g., sodium bisulfate, NaHSO4).
Production of Sulfuric Acid
There are two major processes (lead chamber and contact) for production of sulfuric acid, and it is available commercially in a number of grades and concentrations. The lead chamber process, the older of the two processes, is used to produce much of the acid used to make fertilizers; it produces a relatively dilute acid (62%–78% H2SO4). The contact process produces a purer, more concentrated acid but requires purer raw materials and the use of expensive catalysts. In both processes sulfur dioxide is oxidized and dissolved in water. The sulfur dioxide is obtained by burning sulfur, by burning pyrites (iron sulfides), by roasting nonferrous sulfide ores preparatory to smelting, or by burning hydrogen sulfide gas. Some sulfuric acid is also made from ferrous sulfate waste solutions from pickling iron and steel and from waste acid sludge from oil refineries.
Lean Chamber Process
In the lead chamber process hot sulfur dioxide gas enters the bottom of a reactor called a Glover tower where it is washed with nitrous vitriol (sulfuric acid with nitric oxide, NO, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2, dissolved in it) and mixed with nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide gases; some of the sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide and dissolved in the acid wash to form tower acid or Glover acid (about 78% H2SO4). From the Glover tower a mixture of gases (including sulfur dioxide and trioxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, oxygen, and steam) is transferred to a lead-lined chamber where it is reacted with more water. The chamber may be a large, boxlike room or an enclosure in the form of a truncated cone. Sulfuric acid is formed by a complex series of reactions; it condenses on the walls and collects on the floor of the chamber. There may be from three to twelve chambers in a series; the gases pass through each in succession. The acid produced in the chambers, often called chamber acid or fertilizer acid, contains 62% to 68% H2SO4. After the gases have passed through the chambers they are passed into a reactor called the Gay-Lussac tower where they are washed with cooled concentrated acid (from the Glover tower); the nitrogen oxides and unreacted sulfur dioxide dissolve in the acid to form the nitrous vitriol used in the Glover tower. Remaining waste gases are usually discharged into the atmosphere.
Contact Process
In the contact process, purified sulfur dioxide and air are mixed, heated to about 450°C, and passed over a catalyst; the sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide. The catalyst is usually platinum on a silica or asbestos carrier or vanadium pentoxide on a silica carrier. The sulfur trioxide is cooled and passed through two towers. In the first tower it is washed with oleum (fuming sulfuric acid, 100% sulfuric acid with sulfur trioxide dissolved in it). In the second tower it is washed with 97% sulfuric acid; 98% sulfuric acid is usually produced in this tower. Waste gases are usually discharged into the atmosphere. Acid of any desired concentration may be produced by mixing or diluting the products of this process.
Uses of Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals. More of it is made each year than is made of any other manufactured chemical; more than 40 million tons of it were produced in the United States in 1990. It has widely varied uses and plays some part in the production of nearly all manufactured goods. The major use of sulfuric
About the Author
|
|
1936 PHILIP CAREY Home Building Materials Catalog Roof Siding Floors * ASBESTOS $9.99 |
|
|
Johns-Manville Asbestos Flexboard Brochure/Catalog – 1953 $9.99 |
|
|
1958 National Scientific Company Laboratory Supplies Catalogs ASBESTOS Chemicals $9.99 |
|
|
1951 PHILIP CAREY Co Home Building Materials Catalog ASBESTOS Shingles Sidiing+ $9.99 |
|
|
1938 PHILIP CAREY Home Building Materials Catalog ASBESTOS Roof Wallboard Siding $9.99 |
|
|
1937 American Lumber + Treating Co CATALOG Wolmanized Asbestos Termites Chicago $9.99 |
|
|
1951 PHILIP CAREY Co Home Building Catalog * ASBESTOS Shingles Roof Siding $9.99 |
|
|
ELECTRIC OVEN LABORATORY ASBESTOS 1929 CATALOG AD $9.99 |
|
|
1919 SAD IRON Catalog Ad MRS POTT’S ASBESTOS ENTERPRISE $9.99 |
|
|
1919 STOVE ASBESTOS LINING POLISH PUTTY Catalog Ad $9.99 |
|
|
Vintage 1936 Car Parts Catalog Asbestos Car Coverage Germantown Philadelphia $9.99 |
|
|
CENTRAL RADIATOR CO. 1926 CATALOG BOILER STOVE ASBESTOS $9.99 |
|
|
Goodyear Flooring Catalog Art deco 1930’s Asbestos Tile History $11.75 |
|
|
FARRAR & TREFTS Plant Equipment Catalog BOILERS ASBESTOS HISTORY $12.85 |
|
|
Mettallo Gasket Company Catalog/Brochure-Asbestos/Metal $12.99 |
|
|
Vtg Driwood Company Brochure~Partitions~Asbestos~Catalog~1946 $13.98 |
|
|
Vintage GIMCO Rock Wool Home Insulation Catalog – Alexandria Indiana Asbestos? $14.95 |
|
|
Vtg American Steel Band Co Catalog-Steelbestos-Asbestos $14.98 |
|
|
Vtg Keasbey&Mattison Co Catalog-Roof Shingles-Asbestos $14.98 |
|
|
1928 1953 Thermoid Asbestos Auto Parts Catalog Brake F $14.99 |
|
|
Vtg Gotham Chalkboard&Trim Co Catalog-Asbestos/Aluminum $16.48 |
|
|
Philip Carey Asbestos Building Materials Catalog Partitions Siding Shingles $17.85 |
|
|
Vtg JOHNS-MANVILLE ASBESTOS Building Materials Catalog $17.95 |
|
|
1949 USG Directory Building Materials Asbestos Catalog United States Gypsum Co. $18.95 |
|
|
Vtg Raybestos-Manhattan Inc Catalog~Belts/Hose~Asbestos $18.98 |
|
|
Vtg Unistrut Products Company Catalog~Partitions~Asbestos~Movable Walls $18.98 |
|
|
55 California Electric Supply Co. Catalog #55A ASBESTOS $19.00 |
|
|
C A DUHAM ASBESTOS Valve History 1950’s Catalog 4 pages $19.85 |
|
|
VINTAGE 1960′S MORGAN MILLWORK COMPANY CATALOG ASBESTOS FIRE DOOR $19.95 |
|
|
Asbo Ventilators-American Steel Band-Asbestos Catalog $19.98 |
|
|
Vtg Farley/Loetscher Farlite Plastics Catalog-Asbestos $19.98 |
|
|
Vtg Insul-Mastic Coating/Insulation Catalog-Asbestos $19.98 |
|
|
Vtg Johns-Manville Catalog~Asbestos Roof Shingles~Salem $19.98 |
|
|
National Gypsum/Gold Bond Co Asbestone Catalog-Asbestos $19.98 |
|
|
Vtg Philip Carey Careystone Catalog-Asbestos Cement $19.98 |
|
|
1941 ASBESTOS BRAKE Linings & Clutch Facings Automotive Data Book BLMA Catalog $20.00 |
|
|
1937 ASBESTOS BRAKE Linings & Clutch Facings Automotive Data Book BLMA Catalog $20.00 |
|
|
ARMSTRONG FLOORING Asbestos Floor Tile & Linoleum Art deco 1940 Catalog $23.95 |
|
|
Asbestos Control Technology Inc. Catalog by ACTI $24.00 |
|
|
1939 ASBESTOS BRAKE Linings & Clutch Facings Automotive Data Book BLMA Catalog $24.00 |
|
|
1943 MAHONEY-CLARKE CATALOG, ASBESTOS, RAILROAD LANTERNS, PADLOCKS, TOOLS, FINE $24.25 |
|
|
Vtg Felt-Cote Asbestos Metal Roofs/Siding Sheet Catalog $24.98 |
|
|
Vtg Mica Insulator Co Catalog~Asbestos~Electrical Wire $24.98 |
|
|
Vtg Taylor Fibre Co Catalog-Laminated Plastic/Asbestos $24.98 |
|
|
IDEAL ROUND BOILER HEATER FURNACE RADIATOR 1922 CATALOG ASBESTOS $24.99 |
|
|
SCHWAB & SERCOMB HEATER BOILER FURNACE RADIATOR c 1920s CATALOG ASBESTOS $24.99 |
|
|
FAIRBANKS VALVE 1912 CATALOG ASBESTOS $24.99 |
|
|
PIERCE FITTER 1927 CATALOG BOILER HEATER ASBESTOS $24.99 |
|
|
VINTAGE LLOYD A FRY CATALOG/BROCHURE! ASBESTOS ROOF COATINGS-CEMENT & RESURFACER $24.99 |
|
|
1940 United States Gypsum Fireproof Sheetrock Architectural Catalog ASBESTOS USG $25.95 |
|
|
NU-WOOD Catalog WEYERHAEUSER WOOD CONVERSION ASBESTOS History $27.00 |
|
|
Vtg General Lighting Co Catalog~Light/Fixtures~Asbestos $27.98 |
|
|
Continental Can Co Catalog-Conolite Laminates-Asbestos $28.48 |
|
|
Vtg Farlite Plastic Laminates Catalog-Asbestos-Farley $28.48 |
|
|
Vtg Ideal Fitter Catalog~Asbestos~1929~Boilers~American Radiator Company $28.98 |
|
|
Vtg Philip Carey Co Catalog-Built-up Roofing-Asbestos $29.48 |
|
|
LoXit Beckley-Cardy Chalkboard Catalog-School-Asbestos $29.48 |
|
|
Vtg American Desk Chalkboard Catalog-School-Asbestos $29.48 |
|
|
Vtg Aywon Wire&Metal Chalkboard Catalog-School-Asbestos $29.48 |
|
|
American Steel Band Co Catalog-Asbestos Steelbestos $29.98 |
|
|
Porter National Electric Wire/Cable Asbestos Catalog $29.98 |
|
|
Old -WARSHAWSKY Automotive Catalog 1968-Asbestos Gasket $29.99 |
|
|
Johns-Manville Catalog Asbestos Transite Cement Movable Walls For Schools Office $30.00 |
|
|
Richards-Wilcox Catalog~Doors~Asbestos~Fyre-Ward/Wall $34.48 |
|
|
Vtg Improved Office Partition Co Catalog~Asbestos~Walls $34.98 |
|
|
Flintkote Catalog-Tile-Tex Flexachrome Floors-Asbestos $34.98 |
|
|
Seaporcel Architectural Porcelain Catalog-Asbestos 1968 $34.98 |
|
|
Panelfab Products Inc Catalog-Asbestos/Porcelain Panels $34.98 |
|
|
Texlite Catalog-Porcelain/Asbestos Insulated Wall Panel $34.98 |
|
|
Vtg Ruberoid Roofing-Cement-Insulation Asbestos Catalog $34.98 |
|
|
Vtg Baldwin-Hill Insulations Catalog-Asbestos 1953 $34.98 |
|
|
Sprague Engineering Catalog 1966 Teledyne Inc Asbestos? Pneumatic & Hydraulic $35.00 |
|
|
Vtg Universal Metal Hose Co Catalog~Asbestos~Conduit $35.48 |
|
|
Vtg Taylor Fibre Laminated Plastics Catalog-Asbestos $38.98 |
|
|
1956 Jenkins Valves Catalog – ASBESTOS Hardcover $38.99 |
|
|
Vtg Phoenix Gaskets & Washers Brochure/Catalog Asbestos $38.99 |
|
|
A P GREEN Refractory Catalog ASBESTOS History $39.00 |
|
|
IRON FIREMAN Catalog Boilers & Coal Stokers Asbestos History $39.00 |
|
|
Homasote Insulating Building Catalog Asbestos Shingles $39.00 |
|
|
Vtg Johns-Manville Industrial Products Catalog-Asbestos $39.48 |
|
|
Vtg Metallo Gasket Co Catalog-Metal Jacket-Asbestos $39.98 |
|
|
Vtg Philip Carey Shingle/Ceramo Siding Catalog-Asbestos $39.98 |
|
|
CRANE Plumbing Heating Vtg Art Deco 1941 Catalog ASBESTOS Boiler History $42.95 |
|
|
Vtg Keasbey&Mattison Co Catalog-Roofing/Siding-Asbestos $43.98 |
|
|
Lion Oil Company Catalog~Nokorode Seal-Kote~Asbestos 73 $44.48 |
|
|
Wheeling Catalog Asbestos Vermiculite Insulation Roof Deck Waterproofing Tri-Rib $44.50 |
|
|
American Steel & Wire Products Catalog-Asbestos Cable $44.98 |
|
|
Keasbey&Mattison Catalog-Century Asbestos Roofing/Side $44.98 |
|
|
1950 American-Standard Heating & Plumbing Equipment Catalog Asbestos History $45.00 |
|
|
Hercules Packing 1960’s Catalog Braided Asbestos $45.00 |
|
|
1932 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CATALOG ASBESTOS $45.00 |
|
|
Fitzgibbons Boiler Co. Catalog Asbestos History 1940 $45.00 |
|
|
Bostwick Steel 3 Pound Bag Asbestos Cement 1949 Catalog $45.00 |
|
|
Matico/Mastic Floor Tile Catalog-Aristoflex-Asbestos $46.98 |
|
|
Pittsburgh Corning Asbestos Board Insulation Catalog $47.50 |
|
|
Vtg Ernst Water Column&Gage Co Catalog-Asbestos Gaskets $48.48 |
|
|
Vtg Richardson Insurok Molded Plastics Catalog-Asbestos $48.98 |
|
|
St. Regis Panelyte Laminated Plastics Catalog-Asbestos $48.98 |
|
|
CERTAIN-TEED BESTWALL 1936 Catalog Asbestos History Certainteed $49.00 |
|
|
Modac National Coatings Corporation Catalog Asbestos $49.00 |
